UML介绍

初入职场，部门首周便让我掌握一个模块的操作流程，该模块囊括了数十个类别、上百种方法，类别间关系错综复杂，方法调用频繁，我不得不绘制了一张完整的流程图，密密麻麻，然而醒来后的第二天，这张图便变得难以辨认，令我痛不欲生，那种感受至今记忆犹新。当时我抱怨“工具不合适”，自此，我开始接触并学习UML。

统一建模语言UML，它是一种专门用于对软件密集型系统进行可视化的建模工具。

UML图有很多种，主要包含以下几类：

对于初学者而言，无需全面精通所有UML图，即可开展系统分析与设计任务，否则学习负担会过于沉重。依照二八法则，通常情况下，在UML图的运用中，仅需熟练掌握类图、用例图以及时序图，便足以应对大部分工作。特别是对于程序员而言，类图的使用频率最高。鉴于此，本文将专注于介绍UML类图。

抽象类、抽象类、接口和包的UML类图表示类的UML类图表示

UML类图中用矩形框表示一个具体类，矩形框分为三层：

成员变量的标识符前需使用相应的访问限定符进行标注，而成员方法名之后则紧跟冒号“:”，随后是成员变量的数据类型或方法的返回类型。以下为具体示例。

下面是一个具体类的定义：

<p style='margin-bottom:15px;color:#555555;font-size:15px;line-height:200%;text-indent:2em;'> <pre style="margin: 10px 8px;padding: 1em;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);background: rgb(40, 44, 52);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;line-height: 1.5;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;overflow-x: auto;border-radius: 8px;"><code style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;line-height: 1.75;font-family: Menlo, "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, monospace;font-size: 14px;white-space: nowrap;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">class</span> <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(230, 192, 123);">Student</span>{<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">public</span> String pubVar;<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">protected</span> String proVar;<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">private</span> String priVar;<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    String defaultVar;<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">public</span> String <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(97, 174, 238);">pubFun</span>(){<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">        <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">return</span> <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(152, 195, 121);">"pubFun"</span>;<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    }<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">protected</span> String <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(97, 174, 238);">proFun</span>(){<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">        <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">return</span> <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(152, 195, 121);">"proFun"</span>;<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    }<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">private</span> String <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(97, 174, 238);">priFun</span>()<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    {<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">        <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">return</span> <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(152, 195, 121);">"priFun"</span>;<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    }<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    String <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(97, 174, 238);">defaultFun</span>(){<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">        <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">return</span> <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(152, 195, 121);">"defaultFun"</span>;<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    }<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">}</span></code></pre></p>

下面是该类对应的UML类图：

抽象类的UML类图表示

在UML的类图中，抽象类也以矩形框来展现，然而，其特征在于类名和抽象方法名称均以斜体形式呈现，除此之外，它们与具体类别并无二致。

下面是一个抽象类的定义：

<p style='margin-bottom:15px;color:#555555;font-size:15px;line-height:200%;text-indent:2em;'> <pre style="margin: 10px 8px;padding: 1em;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);background: rgb(40, 44, 52);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;line-height: 1.5;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;overflow-x: auto;border-radius: 8px;"><code style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;line-height: 1.75;font-family: Menlo, "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, monospace;font-size: 14px;white-space: nowrap;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">abstract</span></code><code style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;line-height: 1.75;font-family: Menlo, "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, monospace;font-size: 14px;white-space: nowrap;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;"> <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">class</span> <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(230, 192, 123);">Person</span>{<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">public</span> String pubVar;<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">protected</span> String proVar;<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">private</span> String priVar;<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    String defaultVar;<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">public</span> String <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(97, 174, 238);">pubFun</span>(){<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">        <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">return</span> <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(152, 195, 121);">"pubFun"</span>;<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    }<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">protected</span> String <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(97, 174, 238);">proFun</span>(){<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">        <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">return</span> <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(152, 195, 121);">"proFun"</span>;<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    }<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">private</span> String <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(97, 174, 238);">priFun</span>()<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    {<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">        <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">return</span> <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(152, 195, 121);">"priFun"</span>;<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    }<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    String <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(97, 174, 238);">defaultFun</span>(){<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">        <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">return</span> <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(152, 195, 121);">"defaultFun"</span>;<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    }<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    //抽象方法<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">public</span> </span></code><code style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;line-height: 1.75;font-family: Menlo, "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, monospace;font-size: 14px;white-space: nowrap;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">abstract</span></code><code style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;line-height: 1.75;font-family: Menlo, "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, monospace;font-size: 14px;white-space: nowrap;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;"> <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">void</span> <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(97, 174, 238);">abstractFun</span>();<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">}</span></code></pre></p>

其对应的UML类图如下：

接口的UML类图表示

类图中的接口同样以矩形框来展现，不过其表示方式与类有所不同。在类图的第一层，接口的上方会使用“>”符号来标识，以此表明其为一个接口。紧接着，下方会列出接口的名称，而在第二层，则会展示接口所包含的方法。此外，还需留意一点，接口中的方法并未指定访问修饰符，因此其默认的访问权限为公开。

下面是一个接口的定义：

<p style='margin-bottom:15px;color:#555555;font-size:15px;line-height:200%;text-indent:2em;'> <pre style="margin: 10px 8px;padding: 1em;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);background: rgb(40, 44, 52);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;line-height: 1.5;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;overflow-x: auto;border-radius: 8px;"><code style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;line-height: 1.75;font-family: Menlo, "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, monospace;font-size: 14px;white-space: nowrap;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">interface</span></code><code style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;line-height: 1.75;font-family: Menlo, "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, monospace;font-size: 14px;white-space: nowrap;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;"> <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(230, 192, 123);">Shoes</span>{<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">void</span> <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(97, 174, 238);">abstractFun</span>();<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">}</span></code></pre></p>

其对应的UML类图如下：

包的UML类图表示

类和接口一般都出现在包中，UML类图中包的表示形式如图：

<p style='margin-bottom:15px;color:#555555;font-size:15px;line-height:200%;text-indent:2em;'> <pre style="margin: 10px 8px;padding: 1em;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);background: rgb(40, 44, 52);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;line-height: 1.5;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;overflow-x: auto;border-radius: 8px;"><code style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;line-height: 1.75;font-family: Menlo, "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, monospace;font-size: 14px;white-space: nowrap;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">package</span> graph;</span></code></pre></p>

UML类图表示类之间关系继承关系

继承关系也称为泛化关系，是指对象与对象之间的继承关系。如，

在UML类图中，我们通常用由空心三角和实线构成的箭头来表示继承关系，这样的箭头一端指向父类，另一端则指向子类。

下面的例子中，Son类继承了类。

<p style='margin-bottom:15px;color:#555555;font-size:15px;line-height:200%;text-indent:2em;'> <pre style="margin: 10px 8px;padding: 1em;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);background: rgb(40, 44, 52);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;line-height: 1.5;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;overflow-x: auto;border-radius: 8px;"><code style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;line-height: 1.75;font-family: Menlo, "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, monospace;font-size: 14px;white-space: nowrap;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">class</span> <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(230, 192, 123);">Parent</span>{<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !im

portant;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">}<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">class</span> <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(230, 192, 123);">Son</span> </span></code><code style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;line-height: 1.75;font-family: Menlo, "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, monospace;font-size: 14px;white-space: nowrap;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">extends</span></code><code style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;line-height: 1.75;font-family: Menlo, "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, monospace;font-size: 14px;white-space: nowrap;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;"> <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(230, 192, 123);">Parent</span>{<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">}</span></code></pre></p>

用UML类图表示如下：

实现关系

实现关系描述了接口与其实现类之间的相互联系。在UML的类图展示中，这种关系通过一个由空心三角形和虚线构成的箭头来体现，箭头方向由实现类指向相应的接口。

下面的例子中，Dog类实现了了类。

<p style='margin-bottom:15px;color:#555555;font-size:15px;line-height:200%;text-indent:2em;'> <pre style="margin: 10px 8px;padding: 1em;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);background: rgb(40, 44, 52);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;line-height: 1.5;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;overflow-x: auto;border-radius: 8px;"><code style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;line-height: 1.75;font-family: Menlo, "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, monospace;font-size: 14px;white-space: nowrap;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">interface</span></code><code style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;line-height: 1.75;font-family: Menlo, "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, monospace;font-size: 14px;white-space: nowrap;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;"> <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(230, 192, 123);">Animal</span>{<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">}<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">class</span> <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(230, 192, 123);">Dog</span> </span></code><code style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;line-height: 1.75;font-family: Menlo, "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, monospace;font-size: 14px;white-space: nowrap;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">implements</span></code><code style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;line-height: 1.75;font-family: Menlo, "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, monospace;font-size: 14px;white-space: nowrap;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;"> <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(230, 192, 123);">Animal</span>{<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">}</span></code></pre></p>

用UML类图表示如下：

聚合关系

聚合联系乃一种独特的联结方式，它揭示了整体与局部之间的相互联系，其中整体与局部各自拥有独立的生命周期。即便整体不复存在，局部依然可以独立存在。以公司部门与员工的关系为例，即便部门被撤销，员工依然可以继续存在。

在UML模型中，表示聚合关系的图形特征为：一个空心的菱形与一条实线箭头相结合，菱形位于整体的一侧，而箭头则指向构成该整体的部分。

如下所示

<p style='margin-bottom:15px;color:#555555;font-size:15px;line-height:200%;text-indent:2em;'> <pre style="margin: 10px 8px;padding: 1em;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);background: rgb(40, 44, 52);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;line-height: 1.5;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;overflow-x: auto;border-radius: 8px;"><code style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;line-height: 1.75;font-family: Menlo, "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, monospace;font-size: 14px;white-space: nowrap;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">class</span> <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(230, 192, 123);">Department</span>{<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">private</span> </span></code><code style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;line-height: 1.75;font-family: Menlo, "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, monospace;font-size: 14px;white-space: nowrap;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Employee employee</span></code><code style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;line-height: 1.75;font-family: Menlo, "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, monospace;font-size: 14px;white-space: nowrap;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;">;<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">}<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">class</span> <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(230, 192, 123);">Employee</span>{<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">}</span></code></pre></p>

其对应的UML类图如下：

组合关系

与聚合关系相仿，组合关系所体现的亦是整体与部分之间的联系，然而，与聚合关系不同的是：在组合关系中，整体与部分是密不可分的，若整体对象不复存在，则部分对象亦将随之消失，部分对象与整体对象之间存在着生死相依的紧密联系。

组合关联与聚集关联在概念上颇为相似，它们在统一建模语言（UML）中的类图表示亦十分接近。在UML的图形表示中，组合关系通过实心的菱形以及实线箭头来体现，其中实心菱形位于整体的一方，而箭头则指向构成部分的一方。

以人的头部（Head）与口部（Mouth）为例，口部构成了头部的一个构成要素，若头部不存在，口部亦随之消失，由此可知头部与口部之间存在着相互依存的组合关系。相应的Java代码表述如下：

<p style='margin-bottom:15px;color:#555555;font-size:15px;line-height:200%;text-indent:2em;'> <pre style="margin: 10px 8px;padding: 1em;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);background: rgb(40, 44, 52);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;line-height: 1.5;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;overflow-x: auto;border-radius: 8px;"><code style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;line-height: 1.75;font-family: Menlo, "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, monospace;font-size: 14px;white-space: nowrap;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">class</span> <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(230, 192, 123);">Mouth</span><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">{<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">}<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">class</span> <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(230, 192, 123);">Head</span> {<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">private</span> Mouth mouth;<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">}</span></code></pre></p>

其UML类图表示如下：

在Java编程中，聚合与组合的区分往往体现在类成员变量的形式上，这类关系中的个体对象往往作为整体对象的一部分存在。仅凭代码本身，很难明确二者之间的差异。若要准确判断，需从业务需求的角度出发。若整体对象的功能实现依赖于部分对象的协作，则它们之间构成的是组合关系；反之，若整体对象可以独立存在，部分对象只是作为其组成部分，则它们之间是聚合关系。

依赖关系

依赖性关联属于一种较为微弱的联系。当对象A在执行某项任务时需要借助对象B，而二者之间的联系并不显著时，这种联系便可被视为依赖性关联。例如，工人若需拧紧螺丝，便需借助螺丝刀这一工具以协助其完成拧螺丝的任务。

在Java编程语言中，依赖关系可以通过以下几种方式在代码中具体体现：B作为A类构造函数或方法中的局部变量、方法或构造函数的参数、方法的返回值，亦或是A类调用了B类的静态方法。

在UML的类图展示中，依赖性通过一条带有虚线的箭头来标识，箭头从调用方指向被调用方。以下是一个具体的示例。

java代码：

<p style='margin-bottom:15px;color:#555555;font-size:15px;line-height:200%;text-indent:2em;'> <pre style="margin: 10px 8px;padding: 1em;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);background: rgb(40, 44, 52);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: normal;text-align: left;line-height: 1.5;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;overflow-x: auto;border-radius: 8px;"><code style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;line-height: 1.75;font-family: Menlo, "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, monospace;font-size: 14px;white-space: nowrap;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">class</span> <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(230, 192, 123);">Screwdriver</span>{<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">}<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">class</span> <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(230, 192, 123);">Worker</span>{<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(92, 99, 112);font-style: italic;">使用螺丝刀对象作为Worker类方法的输入参数，这种做法形成了相互依赖的关系。</span><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">public</span> <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(198, 120, 221);">void</span> <span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(97, 174, 238);">screw</span>(</span></code><code style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;line-height: 1.75;font-family: Menlo, "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, monospace;font-size: 14px;white-space: nowrap;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Screwdriver screwdriver</span></code><code style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;text-align: left;line-height: 1.75;font-family: Menlo, "Operator Mono", Consolas, Monaco, monospace;font-size: 14px;white-space: nowrap;"><span style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;font-size: 12px;">){<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">    }<br style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">}</span></code></pre></p>

对应的UML类图表示如下：

通过前面的讲解，大家应该对UML类图有了较为深入的认识，在此，我要向大家推荐一个免费的在线UML类图绘制工具，本文中所有的示例均是在此工具上完成的。

最终，我在网络上搜寻到了一张对类图进行全面展示的实例（若涉及侵权，烦请与我联系以删除），这张图将我们之前所讲解的内容进行了串联，具体如图所示，大家可以根据此图来领会图中各类之间的相互联系。

本文源码地址：

本文示例代码环境：

操作系统：macOs 12.1

JDK版本：12.0.1

maven版本: 3.8.4

—完—

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